Fig. 6: Results in the genetic-image integrative analysis.

A Performance comparison of medical imaging data analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPEC), and F1 score are compared for the integrative analysis of four types of medical images (All) and individual medical image analyses, including BMD, ECG, CAU, and ABD. B The model that combines four types of medical imaging, PRS, and demographic variables shows the highest AUC of 0.949. ROC plots and the corresponding AUC for the models considering medical image features (I), genetic PRS (G), and demographic variables, including age, sex, T2D family history (D), and their combinations. C An optimal model combining medical imaging, PRS, and demographic variables. The best model’s top 20 features with a high feature impact include the medical image, genetic, and demographic features. D Positive correlation between MRS and T2D odds ratio. In each decile of MRS based on four types of medical images, the odds ratio of T2D risk and its 95% confidence interval were calculated based on an unadjusted model (blue line) and an adjusted model considering age, sex, and T2D family history (red line), with the MRS group in the 40–60% decile serving as the reference group. The horizontal bars are presented as the odds ratio estimates (square symbol) +/– its 95% confidence intervals (left and right ends). E High-risk group. The figures from the inner to the outer in the chart display (i) the case-to-control ratio, (ii) the number of cases, and (iii) the number of controls in the MRS decile subgroups. F Input page of the online T2D prediction website. Personal information, including age, sex, family history of T2D, PRS, and MRS, is input to calculate T2D risk. PRS and MRS are optional, and a reference distribution is provided. G Output page of the online T2D prediction website. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.