Fig. 2: Multiplex cytokine analysis identifies prominent Th1 plasma inflammatory markers in acute MIS-C. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Multiplex cytokine analysis identifies prominent Th1 plasma inflammatory markers in acute MIS-C.

From: Enhanced CD95 and interleukin 18 signalling accompany T cell receptor Vβ21.3+ activation in multi-inflammatory syndrome in children

Fig. 2

Plasma cytokine and chemokine levels were measured for 3 groups of acutely ill paediatric patients: MIS-C, PICU COVID-19 pneumonia and LRTI patients (n = 38, n = 8 and n = 22 respectively). Horizontal line indicates the median value of each group. A PCA analysis of 48-plex Luminex assay results showing the ten most variable analytes; different shapes & colours are used for each patient group. B–R Results for 17 of the 48 cytokines and chemokines analysed, including IL-12 p40, IL-18 and IFN-γ. Star symbols above a straight line denoted significant changes for the initial Kruskal–Wallis test while those above the capped line denote significant changes for the subsequent Dunn’s multiple comparison test. S LBP levels in acute plasma samples of MIS-C and LRTI groups (n = 5 and 7, respectively. P = 0.0025). T LPS levels in acute plasma samples of MIS-C and respiratory groups (n = 14 and 22, respectively. P = 0.65). U IL-18BPa levels in acute plasma samples of MIS-C and LRTI groups. (n = 15 and 17, respectively. P < 0.0001). V Free IL-18 levels calculated by comparing IL-18 and IL-18 BPa levels for the samples analysed in (U); p = 0.77. Data shown in (S–V) were analysed by Mann–Whitney test. Horizontal lines in the graphs indicate the median for each group. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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