Fig. 1: Circadian rhythms in the GPi.

A Example subject exhibiting GPi beta band (24.41 ± 2.5 Hz) power decreasing at night. Pink vertical lines indicate the time of events marked by the subject and are used here as a surrogate marker of the awake/sleep period. Circular polar plots show the beta power (left panel) and the number of events marked (middle panel) in a 24-h circadian clock with a 1-h averaged increment. The mean and standard error of the normalized spectral power averaged over a 24-h cycle is shown on the right panel. The green and blue shades indicate the nighttime and daytime periods, respectively, used for subsequent analysis (see methods). B Example subject exhibiting GPi beta band (19.53 ± 2.5 Hz) power increasing at night. Same convention as in panel A. C Circadian heatmap showing GPi power across all individual recordings (n = 130) normalized and plotted over a 24-h circadian clock. GPi power is sorted from the most decreased (blue) to the most increased (red) at night after grouping into canonical frequency bands. The number of events reported by all subjects over a 24-h circadian clock is shown below the circadian heatmap and used as a surrogate marker of the awake/sleep period. Hz Hertz, arbu arbitrary units; Source data is provided in the Source Data file.