Fig. 5: Environmental tolerance of the S-PAZr hydrogel fiber prepared by the BSE strategy.

a DSC analysis of PA and S-PAZr hydrogel fibers. The inset showed PA and S-PAZr hydrogel fibers at −40 °C. b Electrical and (c) mechanical properties of the S-PAZr hydrogel fiber with decreasing temperature. d Weight loss of PA and S-PAZr hydrogel fibers at 43%RH. The inset showed the schematic interaction of Gly and Na₂SO₄ with H₂O. The ball-and-stick model in the inset was the water molecule. e The weight, conductivity, and (f) mechanical properties of S-PAZr hydrogel fibers at different humidity. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent samples). g The dehydrated S-PAZr hydrogel fibers self-regenerate to their initial weight. The ball-and-stick model in the inset was the water molecule and the fiber represented the S-PAZr hydrogel fiber. h Electrical and mechanical properties of self-regenerated S-PAZr hydrogel fibers.