Fig. 1: Predominant sulfate formation pathways in aerosol water at the surface level in 2019. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Predominant sulfate formation pathways in aerosol water at the surface level in 2019.

From: Hydrogen peroxide serves as pivotal fountainhead for aerosol aqueous sulfate formation from a global perspective

Fig. 1

a January, b April, c July, and d October. The aqueous-phase pathway (H2O2, NO2, O3, and TMI) with the highest oxidation rate are colored in the corresponding area. The pie charts show the proportions dominated by different oxidation pathways on the surface in continental areas. Globally, H2O2 oxidation was the major pathway, though TMI and O3 pathways could also carry a great deal of weight in sulfate formation in some regions and seasons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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