Fig. 1: Pre-exposure to LPS protects mice from a lethal infection by PA14 with reduced bacterial burden and a regulated inflammatory response. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Pre-exposure to LPS protects mice from a lethal infection by PA14 with reduced bacterial burden and a regulated inflammatory response.

From: Neutrophils and galectin-3 defend mice from lethal bacterial infection and humans from acute respiratory failure

Fig. 1

a Schematic of PA14 infection with or without LPS pre-treatment. Bacterial load showing reduced bacterial burden in the lung (b) and decreased peripheral dissemination (c) in LPS + PA14 mice compared to PA14 mice (4 h post-infection). n = 9 (PA14), 9 (LPS(1d)+PA14), and 10 (LPS(3d)+PA14) mice. Data were log transformed using log base 10 to adjust for differences in standard deviation prior to analysis. Data pooled from 3 independent experiments and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with the Dunn’s test. d Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing 100% mortality of PA14 infected mice within 18–20 h of infection, whereas 100% survival of LPS + PA14 group as monitored up to 14 days post infection. n = 8 (PA14 and LPS + PA14) mice per group. Data representative of 3 independent experiments and analyzed using Log-rank test. e Higher albumin levels in BALF of PA14 mice compared to LPS ±  PA14 mice (mice pre-exposed to LPS for 3 days), BALF being collected 4 h post-infection from both groups of mice and also from naïve mice and mice only treated with LPS. n = 7 (Naïve and LPS), and 8 (PA14 and LPS + PA14) mice. Data pooled from 2 independent experiments and analyzed using ordinary one-way ANOVA with the Tukey post-hoc test. f RT-qPCR analysis of gene expression of Il1b, Il6, Ifit1, Isg15, Ifng, Il10, Stat1 and Aoah in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice. n = 3 mice per group. Data representative of 3 independent experiments and analyzed using ordinary one-way ANOVA with the Dunnett’s test. g MPO and ELA2 protein levels associated with neutrophil influx and chemokine and cytokine levels in the BALF of the two groups of mice. n = 7 (Naïve and LPS), and 8 (PA14 and LPS + PA14) mice. Data pooled from 2 independent experiments and analyzed using ordinary one-way ANOVA with the Tukey post-hoc test. All data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Source data and exact P values are provided as a Source Data file.

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