Fig. 4: Economic multifunctionality under different land-use types. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Economic multifunctionality under different land-use types.

From: Sustainable land management enhances ecological and economic multifunctionality under ambient and future climate

Fig. 4

Economic ecosystem multifunctionality value a and farmers’ economic value b as affected by five different land-use types (EM: extensive meadow, EP: extensive pasture, IM: intensive meadow, OF: organic farming, CF: conventional farming) for both ambient and future climate. Dots indicate the level of economic multifunctionality and farmers’ economic value within the plots of the experiment (5 replicates for each LUT-Climate combination), triangles indicate the mean value of the respective LUT-Climate combination group). For statistical testing, F tests based on ANOVA (two-sided) without adjustments for multiple comparisons were used (numerator df: 4; denominator df: 32). Asterisks indicate a significant effect of the respective factor or interaction (*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05). Error bars represent the standard errors of the mean.

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