Fig. 1: Long-term observations of organic aerosol (OA) in China and their comparisons to model simulations.
From: Widespread 2013-2020 decreases and reduction challenges of organic aerosol in China
a Locations of the monitoring sites for organic carbon (OC) including 34 sites in a recently developed national monitoring network for PM2.5 chemical composition in North China Plain (NCP), 6 provincial monitoring sites in Yangzi River Delta (YRD), and 3 research sites in the two regions. b Locations of the campaign sites for aerosol mass spectrometers. c Annual mean OC concentrations from the continuous measurements of long-term monitoring sites. Error bars represent the standard deviations (NCP) and the ranges (YRD) of the annual concentrations across sites. d Annual mean OC concentrations at each site compared to the modeled OC. e, f Campaign-mean OA concentrations and secondary OA (SOA) mass fractions in OA obtained from individual campaigns in different seasons (DJF: winter; MAM: spring; JJA: summer; SON: fall) during 2013–2020 in cities from five main regions in China (BJ: Beijing in NCP; SH: Shanghai in YRD; SZ: Shenzhen in PRD; LZ: Lanzhou in Northwest (NW); XM: Xiamen in southeast coast). g, h Campaign-mean primary OA (POA) and SOA concentrations compared to the modeled concentrations. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. The coastline boundaries in the map are originated from Natural Earth free vector map data (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/). The administration boundaries are originated from the National Earth System Science Data Center(https://www.geodata.cn).
