Fig. 2: Conditional loss of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to outflow tract defects and decreased ventricular function at E18.5. Related to Supplemental Fig. 1and the associated movie files. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Conditional loss of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to outflow tract defects and decreased ventricular function at E18.5. Related to Supplemental Fig. 1and the associated movie files.

From: The chromatin regulator Ankrd11 controls cardiac neural crest cell-mediated outflow tract remodeling and heart function

Fig. 2

a–c Representative images of Ankrd11WT (Ankrd11WT/WT;Wnt1Cre2, a), Ankrd11nchet (Ankrd11fl/WT;Wnt1Cre2, b) and Ankrd11ncko (Ankrd11fl/fl;Wnt1Cre2, c) E18.5 heart coronal sections, immunostained for CNCC derivatives (YFP; green) and counterstained for cell nuclei (Hoechst; magenta). a’–c’. High magnification images of OFT regions (white dashed boxes in a–c) from the same or adjacent sections immunostained for alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA; white) and CNCC derivatives (YFP; green). d–e’. Representative 3D reconstructions of µCT scans of E18.5 Ankrd11ctrl (Ankrd11fl/fl, Ankrd11fl/WT and Ankrd11nchet d) and Ankrd11ncko (e) hearts and magnified images (d’, e’) of the OFT regions (from white dashed boxes in d, e). f, g Quantification of d-e for total ventricular volumes (f) and ventricular wall thicknesses (g) from Ankrd11ctrl (blue) and Ankrd11ncko (green) embryos. Two-tailed unpaired t-test (f, p = 0.0057); two-tailed multiple t-tests with Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test (g). h–k Representative B-mode long-axis images of in utero echocardiography of Ankrd11ctrl (Ankrd11fl/fl, Ankrd11fl/WT, and Ankrd11nchet, h, i) and Ankrd11ncko (j, k) embryos during systole (h, j) and diastole (i, k). Dashed lines outline the heart and ventricles in each image. l–n Quantification of the ventricular area during systole (l), diastole (m), and percent area change between systole and diastole (n) in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles from Ankrd11ctrl and Ankrd11ncko embryos. Two-tailed multiple t-tests with Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test (l, LV p = 0.012655, RV p = 0.013974; n, LV p = 0.000121, RV p = 0.000974). ns: not significant, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Graphs represent mean ± s.e.m; n = 7 Ankrd11ctrl and 8 Ankrd11ncko (f); n = 8 Ankrd11ctrl, 7 Ankrd11ncko LV, 5 Ankrd11ncko RV (g); n = 3 Ankrd11ctrl and n = 3 Ankrd11ncko (l–n) samples. Embryos were taken from 3 independent litters. Scale bars: 500 µm. Ao aorta, BCT brachiocephalic trunk, LCC left common carotid artery, LS left subclavian artery, LV left ventricle, OFT outflow tract, PA pulmonary artery, RCC right common carotid artery, RS right subclavian artery, RV right ventricle, TA truncal artery, V ventricle, VSD ventricular septal defect. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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