Fig. 2: Maps of extreme long-duration events for the surveyed 178 countries during the period 1980–2000 and 2001–2022.

Annual average frequency (a), duration (b), and intensity (c) of extreme long-duration events during the period 1980–2000. Annual average frequency (d), duration (e), and intensity (f) of extreme long-duration events during the period 2001–2022. Changes in annual average frequency (g), duration (h), and intensity (i) of extreme long-duration events between 1980–2000 and 2001–2022. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.