Fig. 3: Change in the occurrence frequency of multivariate extreme events in global lakes.

Shown are changes in the frequency of multivariate extreme events, which we define as situations where the frequency of the three extremes considered (algal blooms, lake heatwaves, and anomalously low water extent) have increased simultaneously since the 1980s. Different colors, as shown in the legend, can represent a change in frequency of either an individual or multiple extreme events. For example, solid colors represent a positive change for a specific covariate, whereas transparent colors represent a situation where the frequency of specific pairs of covariates have increased. The center piece of the legend (i.e., black color) represents a situation where all covariates follow a positive change. A gray colour suggests that all covariates experienced a negative change in terms of the occurrence frequency of each extreme. Data are aggregated into 1° × 1° grid cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.