Fig. 8: Cytokines levels peaked with parasitemia, except IL-18 that continued to increase for seven days. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: Cytokines levels peaked with parasitemia, except IL-18 that continued to increase for seven days.

From: Repeat controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infections delay bloodstream patency and reduce symptoms

Fig. 8

Plasma cytokine levels were measured by multiplex bead analysis for each participant (CHMI 1 n = 8, CHMI 2 n = 8, CHMI 3 n = 8, CHMI 4 n = 5) on D1 before exposure to Pf-infected mosquitoes, D6, D8, day of treatment (DRx) and 7 days after treatment (DRx+7) for each CHMI. A The heatmap of the log of the average ratio of the cytokine concentration (pg/ml) on the indicated day of the CHMI to the baseline concentration following the mock challenge for all participants is shown. B Comparison of the parasitemia (parasites/ml) measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of Pf18s rRNA, the ratio of the plasma cytokine levels to the mock CHMI baseline quantified using a multiplex bead assay, and maximal temperature (°C) measured on the day each participant experienced their first and second peak of >3.3 parasites/µl (n = 6). Data are presented as mean values +/− standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical differences were tested using Sidak’s multiple comparisons test and the P value is two-sided. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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