Fig. 3: Plant-derived proline increases upon S. sclerotiorum infection and promotes mycovirus transmission. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Plant-derived proline increases upon S. sclerotiorum infection and promotes mycovirus transmission.

From: Plants interfere with non-self recognition of a phytopathogenic fungus via proline accumulation to facilitate mycovirus transmission

Fig. 3

A Proline content of oilseed rape plants inoculated by HAVs-free virulent strain Ep-1PNA367 (A367) and HAVs-infected hypovirulent strain Ep-1PN (EP) at 24 hpi, and of Ep-1PNA367 and Ep-1PN mycelia (n = 15). B Proline content of A. thaliana Col-0 wildtype and p5cs2 mutant inoculated by Ep-1PNA367 at 24 hpi (n = 11). C Virulence assay of strains 1980m, Ep-1PN, and Ep-1PN and 1980m co-inoculation (Ep & 1980m) on A. thaliana Col-0 wildtype and p5cs2 mutant, and virulence assay of Ep & 1980m co-inoculation on the p5cs2 mutant following spraying with exogenous proline (36 hpi, 20 °C) (n = 14). The lesions indicated by white arrows in the upper panel was enlarged in the lower panel. D Diameters of lesions caused by Ep-1PN and 1980m co-culture on A. thaliana Col-0 wildtype, p5cs2 mutant, and p5cs2 mutant plus proline (36 hpi, 20 °C) (n = 11). E Diameters of lesions caused by 1980m with or without proline on oilseed rape (72 hpi, 20 °C), illustrating that proline addition does not induce plant resistance to S. sclerotiorum infection (n = 57). F Transmission efficiency of two mycoviruses, SsDRV and SsRVL, from Ep-1PN to 1980m on A. thaliana Col-0 wildtype and p5cs2 mutant (n = 3 for independent experiments, N = 8 for co-cultures). G Transmission efficiency of two mycoviruses, SsDRV and SsRVL, from Ep-1PN to 1980m on PDA containing proline at concentrations ranging from 3.2 µM to 320 mM (n = 3 for independent experiments, N = 12 for co-cultures). H Co-culture of Ep-1PN with 1980m on PDA (left) and PDA + P (right) (n = 16). I Upper panel, colony morphology of virus-free virulent SG9 (recipient) and six virus-infected hypovirulent strains SZ-150, SX276, Ep-1PNA367T1, WF-1, and AH98 (donors) on PDA or PDA + P for 7 days at 20 °C and corresponding mycovirus transmission efficiency (n = 24). The hypovirulent strains were infected by diverse mycoviruses, including +ssRNA mycoviruses (SsDRV, SsRVL, SsEV1, and SsHV1), dsRNA mycoviruses (SsPV1 and SsMYRV4), and −ssRNA mycoviruses (SsNSRV1), as indicated below each fungal colony. Lower panel, co-culture model diagram of SG9 and mycovirus-infected (VI) hypovirulent strains on PDA (left). Strain SG9 was co-cultured with six hypovirulent strains on PDA or PDA + P, and the associated mycovirus transmission efficiency is shown below for each fungal strain (n = 24). The transmission efficiency of all mycoviruses was increased on PDA + P. Data are presented as mean values ± SD, two-tailed Student’s t test, n represents biologically independent samples, *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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