Fig. 1: Stable levitation of a nanodiamond in high vacuum.
From: Quantum control and Berry phase of electron spins in rotating levitated diamonds in high vacuum
a Schematic of a levitated nanodiamond in a surface ion trap. The center ring electrode is grounded (GND). It has a hole at its center for sending a 1064 nm laser to monitor the nanodiamond’s motion. A combination of a low-frequency high voltage (HV) and a high-frequency microwave (MW) is applied to the Ω-shaped circuit to trap the nanodiamond and control the NV centers. b Energy level diagram of a diamond NV center. A 532 nm laser (green arrow) excites the NV center. The red solid arrows and gray dashed arrows represent radiative decays and nonradiative decays, respectively. c Simulation of the electric field of the ion trap in the xy-plane (top) and in the xz-plane (bottom) when a voltage of 200 V is applied to the Ω-shaped circuit. The trap center is 253 μm away from the chip surface. d Power spectrum densities (PSDs) of the center-of-mass (CoM) motion of the levitated nanodiamond at the pressure of 0.1 Torr (blue) and 9.8 × 10−6 Torr (red). e Optically detected magnetic resonances (ODMRs) of the levitated nanodiamond measured at 10 Torr (blue circles) and 6.9 × 10−6 Torr (red squares). The blue and red dashed lines are the corresponding zero-field splittings. The intensities of the 532 nm laser and the 1064 nm laser are 0.030 W/mm2 and 0.520 W/mm2, respectively. f Internal temperature of the levitated nanodiamond as a function of pressure with the same laser intensities as shown in (e). Error bars represent the standard deviation of temperature among three measurements.
