Fig. 9: Acute impact of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on kidney health.

a Schematic representation of an axial cross section of mouse kidney hemisected at through the hilum as shown. Annotations of gross anatomical regions of the kidney used for spatial RNA expression analyses. b Representative images of miR-125b staining (small red dots) in the outer medulla of haematoxylin-stained kidney sections from BNL-3 simGCRsim-exposed mice (~ 1.5-year-dose equivalent) harvested ~ 24 h post-exposure. White arrows indicate concentrations of miR-125b staining around capillaries in the interstitium; 50 µm scale bar. Data are mean ± SD. A P-value of < 0.05 by students t-test was considered significant. Average; the simple arithmetic mean of the four anatomical regions, n = 6 biologically independent animals per group c Gross anatomical and microanatomy features annotated on exemplar slide-seq pucks of BNL-1 simGCRsim-exposed mice (~ 1.5-year-dose equivalent) harvested ~ 24 h post-exposure. Samples for pucks were taken to maximise the anatomical coverage from the approximate regions shown in the green (autofluorescence) axial section of mouse kidney. Beads are assigned identities according to their highest probable cell type classification. For scale, each dot represents a 10 µm bead. d The table shows the differentially regulated mRNA transcripts from c, captured by different cell typed beads after exposure to GCR. An adjusted P-value of < 0.05 by students t-test was considered significant. Abbreviations: OSOM outer stripe of outer medulla. ISOM inner stripe of outer medulla. IM Inner medulla. DCT distal convoluted tubule. Early PT or PTS1 early proximal tubule S1. Endo; endothelial cell. IC; intercalated cell. CTAL/MTAL or LOH; (cortical or medullary) thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Macro; macrophage. Neutro neutrophil. NP nephron progenitor cell. PC principal cell. PCT or PTS1/2 proximal convoluted tubule S1 + S2; Podo podocyte. PST or PTS3 proximal straight tubule S3. G glomerulus. DTL descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. ATL ascending thin limb of the loop of Henle. MD macula densa. CNT connecting tubule. CCD cortical collecting duct. OMCD outer medullary collecting duct. IMCD inner medullary collecting duct. Endo endothelial cell. IC intercalated cell. Macro macrophage. Neutro neutrophil. NP nephron progenitor cel.; Podo podocyte. The schematic map of a whole kidney’s cross section and the visualisation by actin filament fluorescent were published in The FEBS Journal 287 (2020) 1176–1194 [doi:10.1111/febs.15088] © 2019 Kumaran et al. and is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.