Fig. 4: Disclosure of the CISS phenomenon in the spin-dependent PEC device.

Nyquist plots of the EIS data for the (a) L-NF/3D, (b) L-NF/S-NEA 2D/3D, and (c) L-NF/rac-NEA 2D/3D photoanodes in K-Pi electrolyte (pH 6.5) under one sun illumination in the potential range from 0.4 to 1.2 VRHE. IMPS spectra of the (d) L-NF/S-NEA 2D/3D, and (e) L-NF/rac-NEA 2D/3D devices and (f) their charge-transport and recombination-rate constants extracted from the IMPS data in the potential range from 0.4 to 1.0 VRHE. g, h The imaginary component of the complex photovoltage in the IMVS spectra of the three OIHP photoanodes in 0.5 M K-Pi electrolyte (pH 6.5) under one sun illumination.