Fig. 5: Material transport characteristics and carbon sequestration of EcoLeaf.

a Schematic diagram of the CO₂ capture device; b Effect of stomatal expansion and contraction states on the carbon capture performance of EcoLeaf (Parallel experiments with three sets of identical samples, data are presented as mean values +/−SEM); c Litmus color diagrams of EcoLeaf embedded with litmus test solution after CO₂ capture and litmus color diagrams of EcoLeaf after placing its petiole in deionized aqueous solution for transporting H₂CO₃ at a room temperature of 30 °C; d Changes in water content of EcoLeaf with and without water supply (365 nm and 450 nm) (Parallel experiments with three sets of identical samples); e Long-term carbon sequestration stability of EcoLeaf with and without water supply and cycling stability of EcoLeaf with water supply.