Fig. 1: De novo mutations.

a Experimental design Three iPSC lines were established by retroviral vectors, and five iPSC lines were established by episomal vectors from the same human somatic cells. b Point mutation frequencies identified in iPSCs established from the same HDFs. Total numbers of SNVs in each sister clone are shown. R-HDFa, iPSC lines established by retroviral vectors (n = 3 biological replicates); E-HDFa, iPSC lines established by episomal vectors (n = 5 biological replicates). For statistical analysis, the two-tailed t-test was employed. SNVs and positions of each clone are shown in Supplementary Data 1. c Analysis of 33 iPSCs and 2 ntESCs established from the same somatic cells. The size of the circles indicates the number of SNVs and the numbers of mutations common among clones (shared SNVs) are denoted in blue in the Venn diagram. Thirty-three iPS cell lines established using retroviral method and 2 ntES cell lines via a nuclear transfer method from the single embryo-derived fibroblasts (MEF5) were investigated. d Point mutation frequencies detected in each iPS and ntES cell clone. Total numbers of SNVs in each clone are shown. Blue, iPSCs; red, ntESCs. e Detection of SNVs when a sister iPS clone is used as the reference sequence. Upper left: Schema for the analysis. Upper right: Number of SNVs. SNVs identified when parent somatic HDFa or each of the 4 sister clones was used as reference sequence. Lower: Relationship between SNVs identified using each of the five different reference sequences. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.