Fig. 3: Photocatalytic performance.

a Photocatalytic production of H2O2 by CPs in open air under different water conditions. Experimental conditions: λ > 400 nm (xenon lamp, light intensity: 100 mW·cm−2), photocatalyst (1 mg), water samples (50 mL). b Comparison of the photocatalytic performance for H2O2 between TPC-3D and other reported photocatalysts under various water samples2,4,20,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38. c The photograph of photocatalytic reaction of TPC-3D in real water. Photocatalytic reaction setup with: a glass slide (20 mm × 20 mm) loaded with 2 mg of TPC-3D powders (top left), placed in 400 mL of lake water (bottom left), and exposed to a xenon lamp (λ > 400 nm, light intensity: 100 mW·cm−2). d The stable H2O2 production activity of TPC-3D under the condition described in Fig. 3c.