Fig. 3: Microbial metabolism of R. palustris powered by hydrovoltaic energy. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Microbial metabolism of R. palustris powered by hydrovoltaic energy.

From: Growth of electroautotrophic microorganisms using hydrovoltaic energy through natural water evaporation

Fig. 3

a Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) images of the biofilms at 50 days with labeled 13C-NaHCO3 fixation, the inset is the biofilms without water evaporation. b Labeled 13C-NaHCO3 fixation by the biofilms at 50 days. c Typical time course of NO3− reduction by R. palustris under hydrovoltaic effect and deletional control (non-evaporation), and positive relationships between NO3− reduction efficiency and generated charge quantity (hydrovoltaic electrons) by natural water evaporation. Data represent mean ± SD from n = 3 technical replicates from one experiment. Statistical analysis was conducted with paired two-tailed t tests. Scale bars: 4 μm in (a) and in the inset image.

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