Fig. 6: Actualized and proposed workflow for bacterial imaging and AMR analysis.

Flowchart of the steps used to test bacteria for antimicrobial resistance. The first set of steps (steps within the gray box) describes the workflow of the experimental setup of bacterial isolates, imaging, and machine learning analysis pipeline testing. The second set of steps (purple box) indicate the training and validation phase of the method to check accuracy and identify key differentiating imaging features. The first two portions of this workflow were executed in this study. The third step (blue box) is the intended application of this method: to apply the imaging and analysis process to other bacterial isolates of interest to predict antimicrobial susceptibility. The Opera Phenix icon (top right) was created by BioRender.com, released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en. The Erlenmeyer flask icon was produced by brgfx on Freepik.