Fig. 4: Modeled and observed on-fault displacement.
From: 3D architecture and complex behavior along the simple central San Andreas fault
a Fault model 1 setup with freely slipping zones (blue), locked sections (gray) and constant-rate creeping zones (red). The deep creeping zone driving the shallow creep extends from 15 km to 2000 km depth and far beyond the lateral ends of the CSAF. The shallow fault is fully coupled beyond 166 km NW and −17 km SE of the fault. The size of each fault patch is 3\(\times\)3 km. White stars denote \({M}_{l}\ge 4.0\) earthquakes. b Modeled and c observed fault creep rate estimated from the occurrence of repeating earthquakes. d Modeled and e observed fault slip direction estimated from the rake and dip of repeating earthquake focal mechanisms. Black thin line denotes local creep direction on the NE side of the fault. Colored dots and grids in (c, e) represent the values from each individual repeating earthquake sequence and those averaged in each spatial bin. Positive creep directions indicate a NE-side-up dip-slip component. f Modeled (blue) and observed surface creep rate (red) estimated from InSAR LOS data (Jolivet et al., 2014). Green circles and squares denote average surface creep rates from creepmeters and alignment arrays (circle: [32]; square: [21]), respectively.
