Fig. 4: Singular and multiplexed base editing by TadCBEa and TadDE in rice plants.

a Schematic of the multiplexed expression vector of TadCBEa and TadDE base editors targeting 10 endogenous sites with gRNA array 02. b Workflow for the WGS-based analysis of editing efficiency in stably transformed rice. c Heatmap based display of C-to-T mutation efficiency (base editing frequency > 30%) and C-to-T biallelic mutation efficiency (base editing frequency > 70%) in T0 plants based on WGS data analysis. d Heatmap based display of A-to-G mutation efficiency (base editing frequency > 30%) and A-to-G biallelic mutation efficiency (base editing frequency > 70%) in T0 plants based on WGS data analysis. e Schematic of the singular T-DNA expression vectors of TadDE. f Base editing type and frequency of TadA-8e derived TadDE in stable rice lines. g Genotyping of three selected target sites edited by TadDE singular base editors. The blue arrows indicate edited Cs, while the red arrows indicate edited As. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.