Table 1 Results of the polymerizations with various PCs

From: Highly efficient dual photoredox/copper catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization achieved through mechanism-driven photocatalyst design

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Entry

PC

PC loading (ppm)

Cu(II)Br2 (ppm)

α (%)

Mn,theo (g mol–1)c

Mn,exp (g mol–1)d

I*e

Đf

1

10

20

4300

5300

0.81

1.36

2a

Eosin Y

50

10

95

19,200

22,000

0.87

1.24

3a

10

10

25

5200

7200

0.73

1.28

4a

1

10

No polymerization

5a

Rhodamine 6G

10

10

91

18,500

18,700

0.99

1.23

6a

1

10

44

9100

10,700

0.85

1.23

7a

0.1

10

No polymerization

8

fac-Ir(ppy)3

1

10

66

13,400

15,900

0.84

1.22

9

0.1

10

37

7,600

9,600

0.79

1.27

10

Perylene

1

10

57

11,700

14,100

0.83

1.22

11

0.1

10

24

5000

6900

0.72

1.29

12

4DMDP-IPN

1

10

61

12,500

14,000

0.89

1.22

13

0.1

10

20

4300

5000

0.86

1.40

14

4DP-IPN

1

10

97

19,700

20,800

0.95

1.31

15

0.1

10

71

14,500

15,400

0.94

1.20

16

0.05

10

46

9500

11,700

0.81

1.24

17

4tCz-IPN

1

10

75

15,200

15,400

0.99

1.34

18

0.1

10

53

10,800

10,500

1.03

1.27

19

0.05

10

14

3000

4000

0.76

1.27

20

4Cz-IPN

1

10

96

19,500

20,800

0.94

1.28

21

0.1

10

60

12,200

12,200

1.00

1.22

22

0.05

10

58

11,800

11,100

1.06

1.32

23

4DCDP-IPN

1

10

89

18,100

20,300

0.89

1.35

24

0.1

10

85

17,200

17,900

0.96

1.21

25

0.05

10

71

14,400

16,700

0.86

1.20

26b

0.05

10

69

14,100

19,200

0.74

1.22

  1. Polymerizations were carried out under the irradiation of 455 nm (50 mW cm–2) for 24 h at r.t. following the general procedure with condition, [MMA]0:[EBPA]0:[PC]0:[Cu(II)Br2]0:[TPMA]0 = [200]:[1]:[x]:[0.002]:[0.009], MMA/DMF = 1/1 (v/v) where x = 1 x 10–2, 2 x 10–3, 2 x 10–4, 2 x 10–5 or 1 x 10–5 (for 50 ppm, 10 ppm, 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm and 50 ppb relative to the monomer, respectively). Monomer conversion (α) was determined by integrals of 1H NMR peaks. a,bReaction was performed under athe irradiation of 515 nm (50 mW cm–2) and bundegassed conditions with 2 mL scale using into a 4 mL vial. cMn,theo was determined by following relationship, Mn,theo = [MMA]0/[EBPA]0 × conversion × Mn,MMA + Mn,EBPAdMn,exp was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with refractive index detector calibrated with PMMA standards. eInitiator efficiency (I*) was determined by I* = Mn,theo/Mn,exp. fDispersity (Đ) was determined by Đ = Mw,exp/Mn,exp.