Fig. 6: Comprehensive pathway optimization and temperature-regulated fed-batch fermentation.

a Global optimization based on the SAN223 strain, showing the accumulation of various intermediates and products. b Profiles of cell growth, sanguinarine production, and carbon source consumption throughout the temperature-regulated fed-batch fermentation with SAN232. c Analysis of the accumulation of products and various intermediates resulting from SAN232 fermentation. Abbreviations not previously defined: NOR, (S)-norcoclaurine; RET, (S)-reticuline; SCO, (S)-scoulerine; CHE, (S)-cheilanthifoline; PRO, protopine; SAN, sanguinarine. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.