Fig. 4: Intron retention-mediated gene expression is essential for proper morphological development to light/dark conditions.

a Hypocotyl phenotype of single, double, and triple mutants of pif4-2, rve1-2, and aba3-3 in the dark. Deficiencies in PIF4, RVE1, and ABA3 caused a shortened hypocotyl length in Arabidopsis seedlings grown in the dark. b Overexpression of PIF4, RVE1, and ABA3 in the WT background promoted hypocotyl growth in continuous white light (11.2 μmol m−2 s−1). c Overexpression of PIF4, RVE1, and ABA3 significantly suppressed the constitutively photomorphogenic phenotype of cop1-6 when grown in the dark. Arabidopsis seedlings were grown in white light (b) or in the dark (a, c) for 5 days, and then the hypocotyl phenotype and length (mm) were analyzed. Values are mean ± SEM. Letters above the bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.