Fig. 4: HIV-1 infection induces cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of RPLP1.

a HIV-1 infection induced cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of RPLP1 in HeLa cells. HeLa cells infected with HIV-1 NL4-3-EGFP virus for 48 h were detected by immunofluorescence assay, and images were captured with a Zeiss LZM710 confocal microscope. Scale bars, 10 μm (left). The fluorescence intensity of RPLP1 in nucleus was analyzed using lmageJ (right). b HIV-1 infection induced cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of RPLP1 in CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-negative study participants (n = 3 donors) were infected with NL4-3 virus for 48 h, and then the nuclear-cytoplasm separation assay was performed. N, nuclear; C, cytoplasm. c, d The nuclear import inhibitor Importazole impaired the anti-HIV-1 function of RPLP1. HEK293T cells were co-transfected with pNL4-3 with or without HA-RPLP1. Thirty-six hours later, the cells were treated with Importazole (40 μM) for additional 12 h. Then, the cells were harvested and examined with immunoblotting (c), and the viral yield in culture supernatant was detected with TZM-bl assays (d). Immunofluorescence images in (a) and immunoblots in (b and c) are representative of three independent experiments. Quantifications in (a and d) are shown as means ± SDs from three independent experiments. P values were calculated by the two-tailed Student’s t test (a, d). ***P < 0.001, n.s. denotes no significance. See also Supplementary Fig. 4. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.