Fig. 3: Analysis of the product selectivity and conversion rate in PEC GOR.

a HPLC spectra of the products and (b) conversion rate and selectivity of the main liquid products using the BiVO4, Bi-rich BiVO4, and Bi-rich BiVO4-x photoanodes under AM 1.5 G illumination at 1.23 V vs. RHE. c DHA selectivity and yields vs. reaction time under AM 1.5 G illumination at 1.23 V vs. RHE. d The change in the DFT-calculated Gibbs free energy associated with the initial hydrogen detachment for the decomposition of the DHA adsorbed on the Bi-rich BiVO4-x surface at two different pH conditions: pH = 2 (acidic) and pH = 14 (alkaline). e Faradaic efficiency of different products on BiVO4, Bi-rich BiVO4 and Bi-rich BiVO4-x photoanodes. f Summary of the DHA selectivity and conversion rate of PEC GLY oxidation by various photoanodes published in recent years.