Fig. 4: Biological functions of genes associated with brain iron.

a Gene set enrichment analysis of significant genes identified in the exome-wide association analysis, using Gene Ontology and KEGG Ontology database. The p-values reported are two-sided and unadjusted. b Protein–protein interaction network of significant brain iron-related genes. c Tissue-wide differential expression analysis of significant brain iron-related genes using GTEx dataset. The p-values reported are two-sided and unadjusted. d Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) visualization of human brain single-cell sequencing data. e Expression levels of significant brain iron-related genes in human brain single-cell sequencing data. The colors indicate the tissue types. GOBP gene ontology biological process, GOCC gene ontology cellular component, GOMF gene ontology molecular function, OPC oligodendrocyte progenitor cell.