Fig. 2: Layout of experimental setup and schematic modulation waveforms to generate a moving gauge-potential barrier. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Layout of experimental setup and schematic modulation waveforms to generate a moving gauge-potential barrier.

From: Observation of discrete-light temporal refraction by moving potentials with broken Galilean invariance

Fig. 2

a All optical and electrical components are as follows: Polarization controller (PC); Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM); Optical coupler (OC) with a constant splitting ratio and variable optical coupler (VOC) with a programable splitting ratio; Arbitrary waveform generator (AWG); Single mode fiber (SMF); Photodiode (PD); Variable optical attenuator (VOA); Wavelength division multiplexer (WDM); Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA); Band-pass filter (BPF) and phase modulator (PM). b Upper and lower waveforms show the sliding gate voltages in long loop to generate a moving gauge-potential barrier with moving speeds v = 1 and v = 1/3. Δt, T correspond to the time interval between adjacent lattice sites and modulation period, and t1 denotes the timing of rising edge of gate voltage in the first period. The barrier width is W, corresponding to a duration time of WΔt for the gate voltage signal.

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