Fig. 6: Demographic history of dugongs.

a Demographic history of dugong individuals from 11 locations inferred using PSMC. Okinawa, Exmouth Gulf, and Coogee Beach are single individuals, while three individuals from the remaining Queensland locations are plotted. b Effective population size of populations from the Australian east coast (Queensland) inferred using SMC++. The most recent Torres Strait land border period is shaded in blue; the gray continuous line indicates the estimated emergence time of a potential ecological barrier at or near the Whitsunday Islands. c Inbreeding in dugong individuals from 463 to two generations ago. The y-axis shows FROH, the sum length of all ROHs (runs of homozygosity) of a particular length cutoff divided by the autosomal genome length; the x-axis indicates various dugong populations.