Fig. 1: Rapid electrothermal mineralization (REM) process for the remediation of PFOA-contaminated soil.
From: Electrothermal mineralization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances for soil remediation
a Conceptional schematic of REM process for bulk soil remediation. b Pictures of the sample before (top) and during (bottom) the REM reaction. A spring coiled around the quartz tube is used to increase the mechanical integrity of the tube. c Current curve with the input voltage of 100 V and duration time of 1 s. d Real-time temperature curve at an electric input of 100 V for 1 s recorded by an infrared thermometer. The temperature detection range of the thermometer is 200–1500 °C. e Concentrations of organic fluorine (red line) and mineralized fluorine ion (blue line) in PFOA-contaminated soil varied with input voltages. f Residual PFOA concentrations in soil after repetitive electric pulses, with voltage of 100 V and duration of 1 s each time. The error bars in e and f denote standard deviations, where N = 3. g 19F NMR spectra of the PFOA-contaminated soil extractant before (top) and after (bottom) REM. Inset, the molecular structure of PFOA.
