Fig. 4: Soil properties after REM treatment.
From: Electrothermal mineralization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances for soil remediation
a Pictures of raw soil (left), REM soil (middle), and calcined soil (right). b Particle size distribution of raw soil (red), REM soil (blue), and calcined soil (black). The shadows denote standard deviations, where N = 5. c XRD patterns of raw soil (red), REM soil (blue), and calcined soil (black). The powder diffraction file (PDF) reference card for quartz, 01-086-1629 (triangle). d XRF of raw soil (red), REM soil (blue), and calcined soil (black). e Water penetration liquid level varied with time for raw soil (red), REM soil (blue), and calcined soil (black). f Exchangeable soil nutrient content change after REM and calcination processes. c0 and c are the concentrations of exchangeable nutrients in raw soil (blue) and REM soil (black), respectively. The error bars in e and f denote standard deviations, where N = 3. g Survival ratio of springtail cultured in different soil samples. h Survival ratio of isopod cultured in different soil samples. The error bars in g and h denote standard deviations, which are calculated from model-predicted values from the generalized linear models with N = 7 and N = 8, respectively.
