Fig. 4: Elevating level of transcription factor KLF2 contributes to the development of intra-tumoral DCs in MTC.

A The Monocle-based trajectory analysis coordinates were utilized to import state information into CellOracle for further analysis. Re-calculated of pseudotime trajectory and converted into a 2D pseudotime gradient vector. B Expression of KLF2 projected onto trajectory. C Pseudo-time expression of KLF2 along trajectories 1 and 2. D CellOracle KLF2 knockout simulations showing cell-state transition vectors along trajectory. E KLF2 KO simulation with perturbation scores calculated according to the change in vector direction after knockout compared to the original vector direction. A negative score (in purple color) indicates that TF knockout delays or blocks differentiation, while a positive score (in green color) suggests promotion of differentiation. F Cell type proportions of KLF2+ and KLF2- DCs in MTC and PTC. G Violin plot showing the co-stimulatory score of KLF2+ and KLF2- DCs in MTC. The box inside illustrates the interquartile range in relation to the median, while the middle lines represent the median, and the lower and upper hinges denote the 25–75% interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers extending up to a maximum of 1.5 times IQR. Calculated by two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. H Violin plot showing the KLF2 expression in PTC and MTC DCs. The box inside illustrates the interquartile range in relation to the median, while the middle lines represent the median, and the lower and upper hinges denote the 25–75% interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers extending up to a maximum of 1.5 times IQR. Calculated by two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. I Scatter plot showing the correlation relationship between KLF2 expression and the co-stimulatory score of DCs at the sample level (n = 28). r indicates the correlation coefficient calculated by Spearman correlation test. J Plots showing the expression of KLF2 in the tumor or in the peripheral normal tissue of PTC and MTC along the trajectory. MTC_T and PTC_T represents tumors of MTC and PTC, respectively. MTC_P and PTC_P represents peripheral thyroid tissue of MTC and PTC, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.