Fig. 6: Proposed sequence of key reaction steps in the cracking-alkylation of polyolefin with iC5 over [C4Py]Cl-2AlCl3.
From: Active species in chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalyzing low-temperature polyolefin deconstruction

All resulting carbenium ion-intermediates are not bare species but surrounded and stabilized by the counterpart AlCl4‒ to form ion pairs.