Fig. 2: Perovskite-based Tamm plasmon structures show tunability of the emission angular distribution.

Experimental angular photoluminescence (PL) results and simulations of (a–c) reference perovskite stack, (d–f) narrow-angle-Tamm-plasmon-perovskite structure with quasi-2D perovskite thickness of 26 nm and (g–i) wide-angle-Tamm-plasmon-perovskite structure with quasi-2D perovskite thickness of 50 nm. a, d, g PL intensity of each samples collected at increasing angle of 0°, 5°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 80°. Reflectance is shown as a dashed line. b, e Detection angle against PL of reference-perovskite stack and narrow-band-Tamm-plasmon-based perovskite structure with PL spectra integrated from 480 nm to 540 nm. h Detection angle against PL of wide-angle-Tamm-plasmon-perovskite structure with PL spectra integrated between 505 nm to 565 nm. Lambertian curve in dashed line. Inset: schematic of each structure. Since all samples are excited at the same power density, the integrated PL are comparable among the three samples. c, f, i Finite-difference time-domain simulation of angular output power of each structure. PL intensity of all configurations normalised to the PL intensity of narrow-angle-Tamm-plasmon-perovskite structure (see colour bars).