Table 1 Breakdown of zoonotic agent detection methods showing the number of detections by host taxonomic class and zoonotic agent superkingdom, Austria, 1975–2022
From: A One Health framework for exploring zoonotic interactions demonstrated through a case study
Host taxonomic class | Zoonotic agent superkingdom | Detection method | Number of detections |
|---|---|---|---|
Actinopteri | Bacteria | direct | 3 |
Aves | Bacteria | direct | 104 |
Aves | Bacteria | indirect | 1 |
Aves | Bacteria | indirect and direct | 4 |
Aves | Eukaryota | indirect | 1 |
Aves | Viruses | direct | 40 |
Aves | Viruses | indirect | 61 |
Aves | Viruses | indirect and direct | 3 |
Lepidosauria | Bacteria | direct | 48 |
Mammalia (human) | Bacteria | direct | 154 |
Mammalia (human) | Bacteria | indirect | 37 |
Mammalia (human) | Bacteria | indirect and direct | 2 |
Mammalia (human) | Eukaryota | direct | 46 |
Mammalia (human) | Eukaryota | indirect | 18 |
Mammalia (human) | Eukaryota | indirect and direct | 2 |
Mammalia (human) | Viruses | direct | 9 |
Mammalia (human) | Viruses | indirect | 21 |
Mammalia (human) | Viruses | indirect and direct | 2 |
Mammalia (human) | Other1 | direct | 1 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Bacteria | direct | 178 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Bacteria | indirect | 30 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Bacteria | indirect and direct | 13 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Eukaryota | direct | 138 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Eukaryota | indirect | 27 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Eukaryota | indirect and direct | 11 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Viruses | direct | 11 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Viruses | indirect | 16 |
Mammalia (non-human) | Viruses | indirect and direct | 3 |
Testudinata | Bacteria | direct | 4 |
Testudinata | Eukaryota | direct | 1 |
