Fig. 5: Investigation of radical process of C-N couplings.

a Radical trapping experiments. b EPR spectra (X-band, 9.4 GHz, 100 K). Black trace: spectrum of mixture of Cu(OAc)2, L1, and MTBD. Red trace: spectrum of mixture of modified catalytic condition without p-toluidine 2. Blue trace: spectrum of mixture of modified catalytic condition. c Investigation of CuII intermediate for C-N coupling. d The lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and singly occupied molecular orbitals of CuII(Py-NHC)(OAc)(NH-p-Tol), with isovalues of 0.04 a.u.