Fig. 2: Metabolic profile altered in patients with the composite of cardiovascular events.

a The partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) 3D score plots discriminated patients with the composite of cardiovascular events and the controls. b The volcano plot displayed the top five down-regulated and the top five up-regulated metabolites in the composite of cardiovascular events group. The red points represented the metabolites showing increased trend in the composite of cardiovascular events group, while the blue points represented the metabolites showing decreased trend in the composite of cardiovascular events group. The top five down-regulated and the top five up-regulated metabolites were further marked with their name. c The heatmap of differential metabolites related with the composite of cardiovascular events, after adjusting for TIMI variables, NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT. CV cardiovascular; hs-cTnT high sensitivity cardiac troponin T; NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PC principal component; TIMI Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.