Fig. 5: Mechanical strength and demonstrations of cg-Gs after evaporate-casting.

a Schematic and optical images of cuboid-shaped cg-G with circular void in the middle after evaporate-casting. Scale bar: 1 mm. b Optical images of five cuboid-shaped cg-Gs with circular void in the middle after evaporate-casting. Those cuboids are put on a stainless steel plate and sandwiched by two pieces of stainless steel plates without binder (thickness: 1 mm). c Optical images of a car upon the five graphene architectures sandwiched by two pieces of stainless steel plates and the enlarged image. d Five obvious pits impressed on steel plate after being run over by car. e Schematic and corresponding optical photos of cg-G blocks with mechanical interlocking structure. f Optical and SEM images of the clasped structure after evaporate-casting process. g Mechanical performance display of clasped structure. A single interlocking structure could pull up a laptop (~1.28 kg). h An Ashby diagram showing the energy utilization versus specific connection strength of graphene assemblies with mortise and tenon structure, as well as various 3D printing structures, self-healing polymers, and some typical welded same and dissimilar metals. Source data are provided as a source data file.