Fig. 2: Correlation of Pd redox state and deactivation on different alumina supports.
From: Anchoring PdOx clusters on defective alumina for improved catalytic methane oxidation

Operando X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) (a) and R-space extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (b) of Pd/Al2O3 (top) and Pd/Al2O3-x (bottom) with 5 s time resolution obtained during aging in reaction conditions (CH4 : O2 : He = 2:8:90, reaction temperature: 500 °C, and GHSV = 9,554 h−1). c Plot of normalized X-ray absorption at the white line and first minimum (marked in Fig. 2a), as a function of time on stream. The corresponding on-line CO2 mass spectrometry (MS) signal collected during the operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements (d).