Fig. 6: Exploration of the origin of performance enhancement.

a, b Position and intensity comparison of the characteristic peaks of potential-dependent in situ ATR-FTIR spectra of H2O and C2H2 species over Cu-C and Cu-PCC. c, d In situ Raman spectra of Cu-PCC and Cu-C using C2H2 as the feeding gas. e The area ratio of adsorbed C2H2 to H2O at different potentials over Cu-PCC and Cu-C. f Free-energy diagram for the C2H2 hydrogenation process under different C2H2 coverages. g Schematic illustration of the mechanism for the enhanced C2H4 selectivity over Cu-PCC.