Fig. 3: Individual feedback parameters computed using radiative kernels: Planck λP, lapse rate λL, water-vapor λw, albedo λα, cloud λc, and the residual term \({\lambda }_{{{{{{\rm{res}}}}}}}\).
From: The radiative feedback continuum from Snowball Earth to an ice-free hothouse
The effective feedback parameters λeff are plotted in the left column, and the differential feedback parameters λdiff are plotted in the right column. Panels have different vertical ranges but the same vertical scale for comparison. The sum of the lapse-rate and water-vapor feedbacks is also indicated in the third row, and the clear-sky result for the residual is also indicated in the fifth row. The vertical dashed line in each panel indicates the pre-industrial (PI) climate. The blue circles indicate the results from a previous analysis of an instantaneous CO2 quadrupling simulation with the same climate model51 for comparison.
