Fig. 2: Tuning of the anti-ambipolar characteristics by p- and n-type control.

a Chemical structure of the OMIEC materials used for p- and n-type control. b Normalized transfer curves of each material used in the vOECT structure (W = 100 µm, VDS = 0.15 V or 0.3 V for P3CPT). c Normalized transfer curves of the resulting bilayer vOECTs using the materials presented. d The dependence of peak position and FWHM on the material selection (n > 9, mean (diamond), median (line), quartiles (box), and 5–95 whiskers are shown, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test p < 0.05 shows all are significantly different, except the FWHM of NDI and NDI/PEDOT).