Fig. 4: The investigation of surface microenvironment of catalysts.

a CV curves of the np-Cu50Au50 and Hnp-Cu50Au50 in 1 M KOH with a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. b CV curves of Hnp-Cu50Au50 with the addition of 1 mmol phenylacetylene, inset shows the enlarged H* desorption peak. c Time-dependent conversion change of phenylacetylene with and without t-BuOH over Hnp-Cu50Au50. d ECSA normalized K+ number on np-Cu50Au50 and Hnp-Cu50Au50. The density of K+ was measured by ICP-OES and the inset is the operation method. e Electric field on the surface of np-Cu50Au50 and Hnp-Cu50Au50 with different pore diameters of 5 and 80 nm. f Simulated concentrations and distributions of local K+ around the surface of Hnp-Cu50Au50 and np-Cu50Au50 with various pore diameters of 5 and 80 nm. g The proposed reaction mechanism for alkyne semi-hydrogenation reaction over Hnp-Cu50Au50 cathode.