Fig. 1: The principle of the triboiontronics and the construction of the PDC-TING.
From: Triboiontronics with temporal control of electrical double layer formation
a Triboiontronics with temporal control of electrical double layer formation. Firstly, when DI water contacted the bottom Au/PET layer, it interacted with the PET substrate through microscopic cracks in the sputtered Au layer, forming a stable EDL. b Secondly, as the top Au/PET layer moved downward to contact with water, the initial CE led to form a new EDL, establishing two EDLs with significantly different symmetries. This created an ion concentration gradient, generating an ionic current Ii1. c Thirdly, the detachment of the top Au/PET layer halted ion migration. d Through repeated contact and separation cycles, the ion migration persisted until equilibrium was achieved between the two EDLs. e The model display of the PDC-TING. f Comparison of output performance of different generators. g The effect of different liquid types on the PDC-TING output. h The effect of the extent and direction of the ion concentration gradient on the PDC-TING output. i The effect of the Au-layer sputtering time of Au/PET layers on the PDC-TING output. j The effect of the Au-layer sputtering time of Au/PET layers on the internal resistance of the PDC-TING.
