Fig. 2: Dual Luciferase-reporter gene assay for glucose sensitivity in co-transfected INS-1 cells after four hours.

Firefly signal is regulated by the human insulin promotor and is corrected to reference renilla luciferase signal. Firefly to renilla ratio is normalised to luminescence signals in low glucose levels, to represent insulin expression induced by glucose. Relative insulin reporter expression was determined in four different ILPR variants (1C/G, 2C/G, 4C/G or 10C/G), measured in 12 biological repeats (n = 12), each with 2–3 technical repeats and expressed in Mean ± SEM. All samples passed the D’Agostino & Pearson test for normal distribution. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-way ANOVA multiple comparisons with Holm-Šidák post hoc test. p < 0.001***, ns > 0.12. Source data for this figure are provided as a Source Data file.