Fig. 1: The synthesis steps of the PtNP-shell and the concept of mediating precise photothermal effects against ventricular arrhythmias.

a The synthesis steps of PtNP-shell and schematic diagram of photothermal effect. b Schematic diagram of multimodal autonomic modulation mediated by photothermal effect of PtNP-shell for the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias.