Fig. 3: PtNP-shell photothermal activation of different neuronal ion channels in vitro.

a Flowchart of calcium imaging assay performed on HT-22 cells. b calcium imaging of HT-22 cells under different experimental conditions, n = 6 biologically independent replicates. c Western blotting for TRPV1 and TREK1 from HT-22 and HEK-293T cells, n = 4 biologically independent replicates. Percentage of d TRPV1 and f TREK1 groups of HT-22 cells within the field of view of the fluorescence microscope that responded to laser stimulation, n = 6 biologically independent replicates. Temporal dynamics of Ca²⁺ signals in e TRPV1 and g TREK1 groups of cells. The solid lines indicate the mean, and the shade represents the standard error of the mean (SEM). h Cell viability of HT-22 treated with different concentrations of PtNP-shell for 24 h. Effect of NIR-II laser irradiation with varying durations on the viability of HT-22 cells treated with PtNP-shell (50 μg mL⁻¹) (Power densities: i 0.75 W cm⁻² and j 1 W cm⁻²), n = 6 biologically independent replicates. The error bar indicates S.E.M. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was applied for statistical analysis of (d) and (f). One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was applied for statistical analysis of (i) and (j). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.