Fig. 1: Design and working principle of the DS-TENG.

a Exploded view of the TENG-based fully integrated, self-powered, and ultra-sensitive ocean current sensor. Three-dimensional structural schematics of the magnetic coupling (b), variable spacing (c), and TENG (d). e Schematic of the working principle of the DS-TENG. f Finite element simulation of the potential distributions in four states of the DS-TENG.